sql IN 与not in的用法
IN 操作符允许我们在 WHERE 子句中规定多个值。

SQL IN 语法
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name IN (value1,value2,...)

实例

mysql教程> CREATE TABLE Topic(
    ->    TopicID     SMALLINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    ->    Name        VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    ->    InStock     SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
    ->    OnOrder     SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
    ->    Reserved    SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
    ->    Department  ENUM('Classical', 'Popular') NOT NULL,
    ->    Category    VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
    ->    RowUpdate   TIMESTAMP NOT NULL
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql>
mysql>
mysql> INSERT INTO Topic (Name,          InStock, OnOrder, Reserved, Department,   Category) VALUES
    ->                   ('Java',          10,      5,       3,        'Popular',    'Rock'),
    ->                   ('JavaScript',    10,      5,       3,        'Classical',  'Opera'),
    ->                   ('C Sharp',       17,      4,       1,        'Popular',    'Jazz'),
    ->                   ('C',             9,       4,       2,        'Classical',  'Dance'),
    ->                   ('C++',           24,      2,       5,        'Classical',  'General'),
    ->                   ('Perl',          16,      6,       8,        'Classical',  'Vocal'),
    ->                   ('Python',        2,       25,      6,        'Popular',    'Blues'),
    ->                   ('Php',           32,      3,       10,       'Popular',    'Jazz'),
    ->                   ('ASP.net',       12,      15,      13,       'Popular',    'Country'),
    ->                   ('VB.net',        5,       20,      10,       'Popular',    'New Age'),
    ->                   ('VC.net',        24,      11,      14,       'Popular',    'New Age'),
    ->                   ('UML',           42,      17,      17,       'Classical',  'General'),
    ->                   ('www.111cn.net',25,      44,      28,       'Classical',  'Dance'),
    ->                   ('Oracle',        32,      15,      12,       'Classical',  'General'),
    ->                   ('Pl/SQL',        20,      10,      5,        'Classical',  'Opera'),
    ->                   ('Sql Server',    23,      12,      8,        'Classical',  'General');
Query OK, 16 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 16  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql>
mysql> select * from Topic;
+---------+----------------+---------+---------+----------+------------+----------+---------------------+
| TopicID | Name           | InStock | OnOrder | Reserved | Department | Category | RowUpdate           |
+---------+----------------+---------+---------+----------+------------+----------+---------------------+
|       1 | Java           |      10 |       5 |        3 | Popular    | Rock     | 2007-07-23 19:09:47 |
|       2 | JavaScript     |      10 |       5 |        3 | Classical  | Opera    | 2007-07-23 19:09:47 |
|       3 | C Sharp        |      17 |       4 |        1 | Popular    | Jazz     | 2007-07-23 19:09:47 |
|       4 | C              |       9 |       4 |        2 | Classical  | Dance    | 2007-07-23 19:09:47 |
|       5 | C++            |      24 |       2 |        5 | Classical  | General  | 2007-07-23 19:09:47 |
|       6 | Perl           |      16 |       6 |        8 | Classical  | Vocal    | 2007-07-23 19:09:47 |
|       7 | Python         |       2 |      25 |        6 | Popular    | Blues    | 2007-07-23 19:09:47 |
|       8 | Php            |      32 |       3 |       10 | Popular    | Jazz     | 2007-07-23 19:09:47 |
|       9 | ASP.net        |      12 |      15 |       13 | Popular    | Country  | 2007-07-23 19:09:47 |
|      10 | VB.net         |       5 |      20 |       10 | Popular    | New Age  | 2007-07-23 19:09:47 |
|      11 | VC.net         |      24 |      11 |       14 | Popular    | New Age  | 2007-07-23 19:09:47 |
|      12 | UML            |      42 |      17 |       17 | Classical  | General  | 2007-07-23 19:09:47 |
|      13 | www.111cn.net |      25 |      44 |       28 | Classical  | Dance    | 2007-07-23 19:09:47 |
|      14 | Oracle         |      32 |      15 |       12 | Classical  | General  | 2007-07-23 19:09:47 |
|      15 | Pl/SQL         |      20 |      10 |        5 | Classical  | Opera    | 2007-07-23 19:09:47 |
|      16 | Sql Server     |      23 |      12 |        8 | Classical  | General  | 2007-07-23 19:09:47 |
+---------+----------------+---------+---------+----------+------------+----------+---------------------+
16 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>
mysql> SELECT Name, Category, InStock
    -> FROM Topic
    -> WHERE Category IN ('Blues', 'Jazz')
    -> ORDER BY Name;
+---------+----------+---------+
| Name    | Category | InStock |
+---------+----------+---------+
| C Sharp | Jazz     |      17 |
| Php     | Jazz     |      32 |
| Python  | Blues    |       2 |
+---------+----------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

利用in多表查询
mysql> CREATE TABLE Books(
    ->    BookID SMALLINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
    ->    BookTitle VARCHAR(60) NOT NULL,
    ->    Copyright YEAR NOT NULL
    -> )
    -> ENGINE=INNODB;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

mysql>
mysql>
mysql> INSERT INTO Books VALUES (12786, 'Java',           1934),
    ->                          (13331, 'MySQL',          1919),
    ->                          (14356, 'PHP',            1966),
    ->                          (15729, 'PERL',           1932),
    ->                          (16284, 'Oracle',         1996),
    ->                          (17695, 'Pl/SQL',         1980),
    ->                          (19264, 'JavaScript',     1992),
    ->                          (19354, 'www.111cn.net', 1993);
Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 8  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql>
mysql>
mysql> CREATE TABLE Authors(
    ->    AuthID SMALLINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
    ->    AuthFN VARCHAR(20),
    ->    AuthMN VARCHAR(20),
    ->    AuthLN VARCHAR(20)
    -> )
    -> ENGINE=INNODB;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql>
mysql>
mysql> INSERT INTO Authors VALUES (1006, 'H', 'S.', 'T'),
    ->                            (1007, 'J', 'C',  'O'),
    ->                            (1008, 'B', NULL, 'E'),
    ->                            (1009, 'R', 'M',  'R'),
    ->                            (1010, 'J', 'K',  'T'),
    ->                            (1011, 'J', 'G.', 'N'),
    ->                            (1012, 'A', NULL, 'P'),
    ->                            (1013, 'A', NULL, 'W'),
    ->                            (1014, 'N', NULL, 'A');
Query OK, 9 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 9  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql>
mysql>
mysql> CREATE TABLE AuthorBook(
    ->    AuthID SMALLINT NOT NULL,
    ->    BookID SMALLINT NOT NULL,
    ->    PRIMARY KEY (AuthID, BookID),
    ->    FOREIGN KEY (AuthID) REFERENCES Authors (AuthID),
    ->    FOREIGN KEY (BookID) REFERENCES Books (BookID)
    -> )
    -> ENGINE=INNODB;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

mysql>
mysql>
mysql> INSERT INTO AuthorBook VALUES (1006, 14356),
    ->                               (1008, 15729),
    ->                               (1009, 12786),
    ->                               (1010, 17695),
    ->                               (1011, 15729),
    ->                               (1012, 19264),
    ->                               (1012, 19354),
    ->                               (1014, 16284);
Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 8  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql>
mysql>
mysql> select * from Authors;
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| AuthID | AuthFN | AuthMN | AuthLN |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|   1006 | H      | S.     | T      |
|   1007 | J      | C      | O      |
|   1008 | B      | NULL   | E      |
|   1009 | R      | M      | R      |
|   1010 | J      | K      | T      |
|   1011 | J      | G.     | N      |
|   1012 | A      | NULL   | P      |
|   1013 | A      | NULL   | W      |
|   1014 | N      | NULL   | A      |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from Books;
+--------+----------------+-----------+
| BookID | BookTitle      | Copyright |
+--------+----------------+-----------+
|  12786 | Java           |      1934 |
|  13331 | MySQL          |      1919 |
|  14356 | PHP            |      1966 |
|  15729 | PERL           |      1932 |
|  16284 | Oracle         |      1996 |
|  17695 | Pl/SQL         |      1980 |
|  19264 | JavaScript     |      1992 |
|  19354 | www.111cn.net |      1993 |
+--------+----------------+-----------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from AuthorBook;
+--------+--------+
| AuthID | BookID |
+--------+--------+
|   1009 |  12786 |
|   1006 |  14356 |
|   1008 |  15729 |
|   1011 |  15729 |
|   1014 |  16284 |
|   1010 |  17695 |
|   1012 |  19264 |
|   1012 |  19354 |
+--------+--------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql>
mysql> SELECT BookTitle, Copyright
    -> FROM Books
    -> WHERE Copyright NOT IN
    ->    (
    ->       SELECT b.copyright
    ->       FROM Books AS b JOIN AuthorBook AS ab USING (BookID)
    ->          JOIN Authors AS a USING (AuthID)
    ->       WHERE AuthLN='MySQL'
    ->    )
    -> ORDER BY BookTitle;
+----------------+-----------+
| BookTitle      | Copyright |
+----------------+-----------+
| Java           |      1934 |
| JavaScript     |      1992 |
| MySQL          |      1919 |
| Oracle         |      1996 |
| PERL           |      1932 |
| PHP            |      1966 |
| Pl/SQL         |      1980 |
| www.111cn.net |      1993 |
+----------------+-----------+